Examining the perceived and actual digital readiness of micro and small enterprises in Hungary
Volume 03 Issue 2
Authors
Adam Pentek, Sandor Kovacs, Tamas Kovacs
Keywords
digitalisation, SMEs, application, ICT, digital maturity
Citation in APA style
Pentek, A., Kovacs, S. & Kovacs, T. (2025). Examining the perceived and actual digital readiness of micro and small enterprises in Hungary. Journal of Business Sectors, 3(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.62222/DOYU2932
DOI
Abstract
Research background:
This paper examines the changing role of information and communication technology (ICT) and mobile applications in today's business world in terms of perceived and actual digitalisation. Digital transformation is a central issue in modern business strategies, yet there is often a mismatch between what companies believe about their digital maturity and what their actual practices reflect. Understanding this discrepancy is essential for developing effective digital strategies.
Purpose of the article:
The aim of the study is to investigate the differences between perceived and actual digitalisation in Hungarian companies, focusing on how business leaders evaluate their digital capabilities and how these perceptions align with measurable indicators. The research also aims to identify discrepancies that could hinder strategic digital development.
Methods:
A quantitative research approach is taken by using a questionnaire survey to collect data from business leaders in Hungary. The data collected are subjected to statistical analysis, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to establish normality and scale reliability assessment using McDonald's omega. Finally, mixed data factor analysis (FAMD) is used to comprehensively analyse the companies and explore patterns across different company sizes.
Findings & Value added:
The results show significant differences between companies of different sizes in the scoring of each of the digitalisation factors. Larger companies consistently give higher scores to these factors, indicating a perceived higher level of digitalisation. However, when comparing perceived and actual levels of digitalisation, an opposite trend emerges. The study shows a significant gap between the two perceptions, especially in areas such as customer management and service. These findings underscore the importance of accurately measuring digitalisation and the need for targeted strategies to bridge the gap between perceived and actual digital capabilities. The added value of this study lies in highlighting the risk of overestimating digital maturity and providing insights into the digital strategy development process for businesses.